What is Buddhism? This course is, at its broadest, an attempt to begin to answer that question. But why should you care? There can be both personal and academic reasons for such a study. For instance, I would argue that Buddhism is the only cultural force, in fact the only reason other than sheer geography, which justifies us in speaking of something called “Asia” at all. No other cultural or historical force could allow us to link together South India or Sri Lanka with China, Korea or Japan. It is Buddhism, which makes it possible for Sri Lanka and Japan to share a common vocabulary of cosmology, mythology, ideal rulership, and much more. So there are good historical and cultural reasons for studying Buddhism, and such an approach requires a consideration of concrete historical facts. On the other hand, a study of Buddhism also provides an excellent opportunity to approach basic human questions of an entirely general type. Some such questions also concern facts of the world, dealing with issues such as the dynamic tension between the religious and the secular, or how issues of authority are mediated. But obviously Buddhism as a religion, as a tradition centrally concerned with questions of the transcendent, also involves questions such as how over a period of some 2500 years some very smart and insightful and sensitive people have thought about what it means to live and die, how to conduct oneself in the most genuine and meaningful way, and so on. So, an opportunity to spend a little time approaching the topic of Buddhism should appeal to you no matter what your starting point might be.
Rooster
Onderwijsvorm
Hoorcollege. Inschrijven via U-Twist is verplicht.
A la Carte- en Contractonderwijs
Belangstellenden die deze cursus in het kader van A la carte onderwijs willen volgen (zonder tentamen), vinden hier meer informatie over kosten, inschrijving, voorwaarden etc.
Belangstellenden die deze cursus in het kader van Contractonderwijs willen volgen (met tentamen), vinden hier meer informatie over kosten, inschrijving, voorwaarden etc.
Leerdoelen
As we engage the course materials, you will gain a familiarity with:
¨Basic chronological / historical information about Buddhism—its “history” in a factual sense.
¨The universe (“cosmology”) of Buddhism, and thus Asia generally, its gods and spirits and powers.
¨The major movements of ideas and practices in Buddhism over time.
¨The major forces acting on Buddhism over time: political, economic, philosophical, practical, and so on.
¨ The major sources for the study of Buddhism: texts, art and archaeology, secular sources, modern ethnography, etc.
These items put the focus on the “content” of the course. But this “content” is secondary to the range of theoretical issues, frameworks through which we will investigate the course “content.” These issues include (but are not limited to):¨ Inculturation, what it is and how it works.
¨ Authority, and its sources.
¨ Regionalism, and its effects.
¨ The place of religion in life, and the tensions brought out by religious thinking.
This course is not a history of Buddhism, nor is it a course in Buddhist philosophy. Rather than trying to “cover” some material, rather than trying to memorize names and terms, we are going to learn how things work—what the basic concepts and operating premises of Buddhism are. Rather than enter and move through Buddhist history in a chronological order, following Buddhism from fifth century B.C.E. India to present-day Taiwan, we will start with cases, and try to understand them in many dimensions by contrasting them with other cases; out of that confrontation we will try to extract principles or patterns. The questions we ask of our materials will both allow us to span diverse historical periods, and demand that we see this history in a comparative context. Here is a sample of the kinds of questions we will think about as we survey what Buddhism is all about:
What is the fate of the dead? What can be done about it?
¨ Who is in charge? How is that decided, and by whom?
¨ What is our human situation? What can we do about it?
¨ What do we owe others? What do they owe us?
Literatuur
Buddhism: The Illustrated Guide, edited by Kevin Trainor (ISBN 0195173988, paper, Oxford University Press).
The Heart of Understanding by Thich Nhat Hanh (ISBN 0938077112, paper, Parallax Press, 1988).
Toetsing
Schriftelijk tentamen / Written exam with (short) essay questions
Informatie
In eerste instantie bij de studiecoördinator, de heer van Baardewijk (F.G.van.Baardewijk@hum.leidenuniv.nl). Anders bij de docent, Prof. Dr. Silk.
Blackboard/webpagina
Blackboard: Use of Blackboard will be made for this course, including the posting of readings (with the exception of two assigned books) as pdf files, and posting of PowerPoint lecture slides for student download.
Overzicht
General Introduction: Issues and Problems
- The Buddha’s life
2.1: “Kisagotami.” Scriptural story (5th c.?) (2 pp.)
2.2: “Legend of Buddha Shakyamuni.” Condensation of the Buddhacarita, a poetic hagiography by Ashvaghosha (2nd c. C.E.?) (14 pp.).
BTIG (Buddhism: The Introductory Guide): pp. 22-45 (The Career of Siddhartha). The Buddha’s Life continued
3.1: “The Tigress, The Hare” Previous life (Jataka) tales retold by the poet Aryashura (4th c. C.E.) (12 pp.)
3.2: “The Defeat of Mara.” Chapter 21 of the Lalitavistara (5th c.?) (54 pp.).
3.3: “Image Consecrations (Thailand).” Ethnography (contemporary) (9 pp.)
BTIG: pp. 6-21 (Ancient India).The Shape of the Universe and Our Place in It
4.1: “Realms of Rebirth.” Cambodian Cosmology (14th c.?) (15 pp.)
BTIG: pp. 58-63 (Principles and Practice), 90-97 (Buddhas and Bodhisattvas, Saints and Teachers ) 116-117 (Buddhist Ethics), 122-123 (The Buddha and The Gods).More on Cosmology
5.2: “Dhammapada.” Verse scripture (2nd c. B.C.E.?) (17 pp.)What Is and What Will Never Be: Non-self; dependent origination; emptiness
The Heart of Understanding (whole book, 54 pp.)
6.1: “Three Grapefruits.” Memoir (Contemporary) (4 pp.)
BTIG: 64-73 (The “Four Noble Truths”), 76-79 (Wisdom), 132-141 (Mahayana Buddhism), 196-197 (Perfection of Wisdom Sutras).
6.2: “Mahayana / Bodhisattva.” Encyclopedia entries (7 pp.).The Nature of Death and What to Do About It
7.1: “Smaller Pure Land Sutra.” Mahayana scripture (1st c. C.E.?) (3 pp.)
7.2: “Sutra of the Buddha of Limitless Lifespan.” Mahayana scripture (8th c.?) (4 pp.)
BTIG: 144-149 (Pure Lands), 176-187, 190-193 (Assembling the Dharma), 202-203 (The Pure Land Sutras).
7.3: “Merit and Merit-making.” (3 pp.)Professional Buddhists
8.1: “Parajika 1.” Rule from Monastic Code, with explanation (3rd c. B.C.E.?) (4 pp.)
8.2: “Recitation.” Modern revised monastic rules (3 pp.).
8.3: “Patimokkha.” Theravada monastic rules (3rd c. B.C.E.?) (12 pp.)
Background Reading:
BTIG: 98-103, 118-119 (The Buddhist Community), 188-189 (The Vinaya Pitaka).Ways of Being Buddhist
9.1: “The Ordination of Monks and Novices (Korea).” Article (11 pp.)
9.2: “Mahapajapati Gotami & Her Disciples.” Traditional account retold (7 pp.)
9.3: “Female Renunciants (Myanma®/Burma).” Article (11 pp.)
9.4: “Lay Identity and Participation (China).” Article (10 pp.)
BTIG: 104-113 (Buddhism in practice), 120-121, 124-131 (Theravada Buddhism).Chan/Zen
10.1: “My Struggle to Become a Zen Monk.” Memoir (20th c.) (16 pp.)
10.2: “A Universal Recommendation for Zazen.” Essay by Dogen (13th c.) (3 pp.)
10.3: “Zen Koans.” Article (12 pp.)
BTIG: 74-83 (The Path of the Buddha, Mental Cultivation), 150-161 (Chan/Zen Buddhism).Spreading the Word
11.1: “Lotus Sutra, chapters 12, 16, 25.” Mahayana Scripture (1st c. C.E.?) (17 pp.)
BTIG: 142-143 (Skill in Means), 198-201 (The Lotus Sutra).
11.2: “The World of the Lotus Sutra.” Outline (10 pp.)Buddhism in Society (aka the “real” world)
12.1: “Death and Beyond (Japan).” Ethnography (20th c.) (12 pp.)
BTIG: 212-237 (Buddhism Today).Summing Up and Coming to Terms with Buddhism
- The Buddha’s life