Please note that the following description of the course is only provisional and therefore subject to change.
Admission requirements
Successful completion of at least one year of university education (including ideally some course(s) in law, human rights and/or LGBT studies). Active and passive command of English and experience in writing researchpapers.
The course is primarily aimed at third year law students of many different national backgrounds and of many different universities, but students from other disciplines or years are equally welcome. The maximum number of students is 20.
Description
This course takes a close look at legal developments concerning sexual orientation. Around the world, various rules of national law deal with homosexual orientation, either to suppress or marginalize it (for example through criminalisation), or to recognize or protect it (for example in family law or in anti-discrimination law). In many countries, and also in many international organisations, the law with respect to sexual orientation has been changing recently, and more changes can be expected. To grasp the developments in this field, this course takes a comparative approach, comparing laws of different countries and minimum standards set by different international institutions.
Since the 1790s a growing number of countries has decriminalised sex between people of the same-sex, a trend that helped international human rights bodies to set strong and clear precedents condemning such criminalisation (still existing in some 75 countries) as a violation of human rights. Since the 1970s a growing number of countries has started to take legal measures against sexual orientation discrimination; in the field of employment the European Union since 2003 requires member states to explicitly and effectively prohibit such discrimination. Simultaneously a growing number of countries has started to legally recognise same-sex couples and sometimes also their children; slowly such a recognition is now also finding its way into international human rights case law.
Students will be working with original materials, including national and international case law, and with the results of multi-country comparative legal research. They will do their own comparative legal research, and will write papers on five different aspects of sexual orientation law, each paper from a different possible professional perspective.
Course objectives
Objectives of the course
Introduce students to the main legal issues concerning homosexual orientation (criminalisation, anti-discrimination, partnership, parenting) in the law of different countries in the world and in the minimum standards of different international organisations.
Achievement levels
The following achievement levels apply with regard to the course:
Students will understand how different aspects of sexual orientation (behaviour, preference, relationships, etc.) are being ignored and/or recognized in national and international law, and how national law is both influencing and following international law (including European Union law).
Students will be familiar with the most important case law in the field, especially from the European Court of Human Rights and the UN Human Rights Committee.
Students will have gained some skills in finding materials on foreign law and in doing basic comparative research.
Students will be able to think and argue in an informed and relevant manner about issues of sexual orientation law.
Timetable
In the Autunmn of 2013 the course will be taught in nine sessions (mostly from 16:00 to 18:45 hours), probably on the following Mondays and Thursdays:
14,17, 21, 24 and 28 October and 4, 7, 11 and 14 November 2013. Please note that the sessions on 14 October and 11 November will start at 17:00 and end at 18:45. No class on Thursday 31 October. The session of Thursday 7 November will start at 13:00 and last until 21:00(participation in Leiden University’s annual Diversity Conference for staff and students, in Leiden, meal included.
The first paper will be due on 22 October, the second on 31 October, the third on 12 November, and the fourth paper on 21 November.
Most sessions will be at Leiden University’s Campus The Hague, in the Stichthage building right above the Central Station of The Hague.
The exact timetable of this course will be announced in Blackboard.
Mode of instruction
Lectures
Number of (1 hour) lectures:
Names of lecturers
Required preparation by students:
Seminars
Number of (2 hour) seminars: 9
Names of instructors: Kees Waaldijk and guest lecturers
Required preparation by students: reading the set materials
Other methods of instruction
Description: individual consultation for the papers (up to 1 hour per student)
Number of (2 hour) instructions:
Names of instructors: Kees Waaldijk
Required preparation by students:
Assessment method
Examination form(s)
Participation in class (20%)
Four papers of up to 1500 words (20% each)
Two students who would like to write one of the four papers together, can be given permission to do so (with additional requirements); in that case the maximum length is 3000 words.
Being absent more than once, or more than once failing to read the set materials, will lead to a lower score for “Participation in class”. Handing in a paper after a deadline will lead to a lower score for that paper, or to a zero-score if the other papers have already been graded.
Submission procedures
Blackboard.
Areas to be tested within the exam
The examination syllabus consists of the required reading for the course, the course information guide and the subjects taught in the lectures, the seminars and all other instructions which are part of the course.
Blackboard
More information on this course will be offered in Blackboard.
Reading list
Obligatory course materials
Literature:
parts of: Alli Jernow, Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Justice: A Comparative Law Casebook, Geneva: International Commission of Jurists, (online here).
Kees Waaldijk, ‘The Right to Relate – A Lecture on the Importance of “Orientation” in Comparative Sexual Orientation Law’ (Duke J. Comp. & Int’l. L., forthcoming Fall 2013), (online here).
parts of: Ryan Thoreson & Sam Cook (eds.), Nowhere to Turn: Blackmail and Extortion of LGBT People in Sub-Saharan Africa, International Gay and Lesbian Rights Commission, Brooklyn 2011, (“online here’‘: http://www.iglhrc.org/content/nowhere-turn-blackmail-and-extortion-lgbt-people-sub-saharan-africa
Kees Waaldijk ‘Same-Sex Partnership, International Protection’, in: R. Wolfrum (ed.), Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2012 (online here only accessible from a university computer).
parts of: Kees Waaldijk & Matteo Bonini-Baraldi, Sexual Orientation Discrimination in the European Union: National Law and the Employment Equality Directive, The Hague: Asser Press, 2006 (online here).
parts of: Kees Waaldijk (ed.), More or less together: Levels of legal consequences of marriage, cohabitation and registered partnership for different-sex and same-sex partners. A comparative study of nine European countries, Paris: INED, 2005 (online here).
A selection of online articles and papers.
Course information guide:
- Will be put on Blackboard.
Reader that will be handed out in class:
- Circa 12 judgments/opinions of the European Court of Human Rights, the UN Human Rights Committee, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, and the Court of Justice of the EU.
Recommended course materials
- Will be listed on Blackboard.
Registration
Students can register for this course through uSis. From 16 September until 6 October 2013.
Students enrolled at another Dutch university than Leiden can obtain access to uSis, by first submitting the form Inschrijven als bijvak/gaststudent or Request for registration as a guest student.
Registration is free for students enrolled at any Dutch university (including exchange students). Others (i.e. those doing the course as a Study Abroad Student, or as Contractonderwijs) will be charged a fee, and should apply well in advance.
Contact information
Co-ordinator: Prof. Kees Waaldijk
Work address: room 12.44, Stichthage building in The Hague (access via stairs opposite platform 9 in main hall of railway station Den Haag Centraal)
Contact information:
Telephone number: 070 800 9593
E-mail: c.waaldijk@law.leidenuniv.nl
Institution/division
Institute: Public Law
Department: Public International Law
Room number secretary: B1.21, Kamerlingh Onnes building in Leiden
Opening hours: 9:00 – 17:00
Telephone number secretary: 071 527 7578