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Biology: Evolutionary Biology

This research-oriented master specialisation provides students with in-depth knowledge about Evolutionary Sciences. Students learn about evolutionary changes over time and study the origin and maintenance of biological variation all over the tree of life. The mechanisms that drive the adaptation of organisms and their features are investigated at all biological levels. Thus, the specialisation includes genomics, functional developmental genetics, paleobiology, behavioural biology and evolutionary ecology. With this master specialisation completed, the students are well equipped to start a career in evolutionary research or to take the responsibility for projects in an industrial or institutional research environment.

Coordinator: Dr. M. van der Zee

Email: m.van.der.zee@biology.leidenuniv.nl

Website Instituut Biologie Leiden

For a description of the full programme please see the 'more information' tab.

Compulsory

Vak EC Semester 1 Semester 2

Compulsory elements

Safety exam 0
Advanced Statistics 4
Orientation on Evolutionary Biology 2
Skills for Scientists 6
Development and Evolution 6
Systematics and Biodiversity 6
Research Project Min. 60

In case of a research project that involves experiments with fish or birds, the corresponding course is compulsory:

Bird species in animal experimentation 3
Fish species in animal experimentation 3

Transitional agreements

Genomic Architecture (old version) 6
Advanced Cell Biology (old version) 4

Electives

  • Dependent on the chosen specialisation, a number of elective courses can be selected within the rules specified in the E-Prospectus and Course and Examination Regulations (OER). Below you will find a list of approved electives.

  • For electives outside the Leiden University Biology programme that are not mentioned in the list below, prior approval of the Board of Examiners is required. To submit a request (petition) to the Board of Examiners, please fill in the petition form.

MSc Biology electives
The Biology program itself offers a wide range of electives that are highly recommended for MSc Biology students to include in their programme. Below you can find a list of MSc Biology electives. Please note: all MSc Biology research specialisation courses (except orientation courses) can be followed as electives in all other master research specialisations.

Suggested electives from other programmes
Below you will also find a list of courses from biology related programmes which are approved by the Board of Examiners and can be followed as electives.

Other elective courses
You are free to look for other master elective courses in the e-Prospectus that are that are not listed here. Make sure you check whether the course is registered as ‘Elective choice’ and has a minimum level of 400. To include these courses in your programme as electives, you have to ask for permission from the Board of Examiners before the start of the course. You can do this via the petition form.

Admission Requirements
To start elective courses you need to have successfully completed the Orientation course, and established a concept study plan approved by the Study Adviser.

For the suggested electives from other programmes and/or other elective courses, please look at the admission requirements of that course and contact the listed course coordinator whether you can participate in the course. For specific information about admission requirements, registration and schedules you can contact the organizing study programme that is mentioned in the course description of the course you are interested in.

Vak EC Semester 1 Semester 2

MSc Biology electives

Human Impacts on Biodiversity 6
Mechanisms of Disease 6
Advanced Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology 3
Plant Families of the Tropics 5
Metabolomics 6
Paleobiology 6
Urban Ecology and Evolution 6
Advanced Cell Biology 3
Innate Immune systems 6
Systems Microbiology 6
Top Lectures in Biology 3
Portugal Conservation Field Course 4
Multi-Omics for Drug Discovery 3
Basic Statistics for Master students 4
iGEM for Master Students 24
Book exam 6
Literature Review 6

Biennial MSc Biology electives

Ecotoxicology (2025-2026) 6
Ecosystem Services (2026-2027) 6
Animal Cognition (2026-2027) 6
Tropical Biodiversity and Field Methods (2026-2027) 6

Suggested electives from other programmes

Nitrogen and Sustainability 3
Signal Transduction and Hallmarks of Cancer 4
Advances in Data Mining 6
Evolutionary Algorithms 6
Introduction to Machine Learning 6
Drug Delivery 4
Public Health & the Ecology of Disease 6
Science Methodology (SCM) 5
Joint Interdisciplinary Project (JIP) 15
Regulatory Toxicology - Advanced non-animal approaches for chemical safety assessment 4
Bio-Modeling 6
Image Analysis with Applications in Microscopy 6
Multicriteria Optimization and Decision Analysis 6
In-vivo biomolecular interactions underlying diseases (IBID) 5
Model organisms in cancer drug discovery and development 4
Science and the public: contemporary and historical perspectives 6
Molecular Virology of RNA Viruses 6

More info

The MSc Biology programme builds on the unique combination of biological institutes in Leiden joining forces: the Institute of Biology Leiden (IBL), the Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), and the Naturalis Biodiversity Center (Naturalis). The choice of courses and research projects is further increased by the embedding in the Faculty of Science and the connections with the Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO) and with bioscience-based companies that are located at the Leiden Bioscience Park.

The duration of the programme is two years (120 EC). Students who complete the programme receive the degree Master of Science in Biology (MSc in Biology) with specification of the specialisation, if applicable Below you can find a description of the Biology research specialisations
In addition to the E-Prospectus, the aim and content of the MSc Biology programme is described in the Appendices to the Course and Examination Regulations

Programme research specialisations (120 EC)

The MSc Biology research specialisations consists of:

  • A theoretical part (30-60 EC) o Consisting of the compulsory courses and the compulsory courses of choice + electives courses (if applicable)

  • One or more research projects (60-90 EC).

  • The elective part of the programme (30-0 EC) o Can consist of either additional courses, and/or an extension of the duration of a research project.

The programme includes some compulsory components and can be expanded with a wide choice of elective elements. The mandatory components in the 1st semester aim to provide students with the theoretical and practical background needed for an efficient start of the Research Project at the end of this semester. The Research Projects are the actual core of the MSc programme. Students will be member of a research group of their choice and work full time on a specific project. Each project will be finished with a MSc thesis written in the form of a manuscript for an international scientific journal.

At least one Research Project is part of the study programme. This Specialisation Research Project has to be done within the overarching theme of the specialisation. Prior to the start of the Research Project, the internship coordinator has to approve the Research Project agreement.  

Compulsory components

Theoretical part
Each MSc-programme consists for at least 30 EC of theoretical components, consisting of the compulsory courses and the compulsory courses of choice + electives courses (if applicable to the specialisation, see Prospectus)

Research project
The Research project(s) contribute at least 60 EC. Students are allowed to do two research projects. At least one project must be within the research specialisation for at least 36 EC. A second project may be within or outside the chosen specialisation, for at least 30 EC. A single research project cannot exceed 60 EC.
Students can carry out their Research Project(s) at one of the institutes participating in the Leiden University Biology education programme: IBL, CML, Hortus, or Naturalis. Also allowed are: research groups within other institutes at the Faculty of Science which focus on life science-related research, the LUMC, the NIOO, academic institutions other than Leiden University, companies, government institutions, and other institutions with scientific activities.
The course Fish species in animal experimentation (3 EC) or Bird species in animal experimentation (3 EC) is obligatory in case of a research project that involves handling or experimental use of fish species or birds species.

Elective elements
The elective part of the programme can consist of either additional courses, or an extension of the duration of a research project. A list of approved elective courses is available in the e-Prospectus. All MSc Biology research specialisation courses (except orientation courses) can be followed as electives in all other master research specialisations.

For courses outside the Leiden University Biology programme, prior approval of the Board of Examiners is required. To submit a request (petition) to the Board of Examiners, please fill in the petition form.

Note: The scope for electives in the Master’s programme may not comprise more than 15 EC of courses that do not contain any biological component.  

Approval of programme
All students have to submit their individual study plan consisting of choices of courses and one or two research projects to the Study Advisor. Through the submission of this study plan, The Study Advisor determines whether the student’s individual study plan meets the requirements of the MSc Biology programme and can be approved. Prior to the start of the Research Project, the study advisor has to approve the individual study plan of the student and the internship coordinator has to approve the Research Project agreement.

Career Orientation

Career preparation at Leiden University

In addition to offering you a solid university education, Leiden University aims to prepare you as well as possible for the labour market, and in doing so contribute to the development of your employability. In this way, it will become easier for you to make the transition to the labour market, to remain employable in a dynamic labour market, in a (career) job that suits your own personal values, preferences and development.

'Employability' consists of the following aspects that you will develop within your study programme, among others:
1. Discipline-specific knowledge and skills
Knowledge and skills specific to your study programme.

2. Transferable skills
These are skills that are relevant to every student and that you can use in all kinds of jobs irrespective of your study programme, for example: researching, analysing, project-based working, generating solutions, digital skills, collaborating, oral communication, written communication, presenting, societal awareness, independent learning, resilience.

3. Self-reflection
This concerns self-reflection in the context of your (study) career, including reflecting on the choices you make as a student during your studies, what can you do with your knowledge and skills on the labour market?

In addition, reflecting on your own profile and your personal and professional development. Who are you, what can you do well, what do you find interesting, what suits you, what do you find important, what do you want to do?

4. Practical experience
Gaining practical experience through internships, work placements, projects, practical (social) assignments, which are integrated into an elective, minor or graduation assignment.

5. Labour market orientation
Gaining insight into the labour market, fields of work, jobs and career paths through, for example, guest speakers and alumni experiences from the work field, career events within the study programme, the use of the alumni mentor network, interviewing people from the work field, and shadowing/visiting companies in the context of a particular subject.

You will also find these employability elements in your study programme.

Employability in the curriculum of Biology

During the MSc Biology, we want to provide you with the best possible preparation to enter the job market after graduation.

Within the Research Project(s), employability is addressed directly and indirectly on an ongoing basis. Students will be member (intern) of a research group of their choice and work full time on a specific project. Each project will be finished with a MSc thesis written in the form of a manuscript for an international scientific journal. This not only allows training of discipline-specific knowledge and skills, but also teaches students to work in a professional environment and fosters the development of an extensive set of transferable skills.

The orientation courses provide a state-of-the-art overview of the scientific research and research methods used in the departments participating in each of the MSc specialisations. In addition, the course Skills for Scientists trains students in the academic skills necessary for designing, conducting, presenting and thinking about research. Many other offered (specialization-related) master courses cover a broad range of relevant subjects and provide in-depth theoretical knowledge as well as training in practical skills and advanced research tools.

1. Discipline-specific knowledge and skills
Knowledge and skills specific to your study programme.
Examples of subject-specific skills are: using a microscope, cell cultures, sampling, experimental design, executing fieldwork, morphological analysis, laboratory skills, in situ conservation, bio-modeling, bioinformatics, molecular biology techniques such as genome sequencing, microarrays , et-cetera.

2. Transferable skills
These include cognitive skills, such as researching, analysing, project-based working, generating solutions and digital skills; intrapersonal skills, such as reflecting, independent learning, resilience, and metacognition; and interpersonal skills, such as oral and written communication, collaboration, presenting and societal awareness. In short, they are skills that all professionals need in order to perform well.

3. Self-reflection
This concerns self-reflection in the context of your (study) career, including reflecting on the choices you make as a student during your studies: what can you do with your knowledge and skills on the labour market? In addition, reflecting on your own profile and your personal and professional development: who are you, what can you do well, what do you find interesting, what suits you, what do you find important, what do you want to do?

4. Practical experience
Gaining practical experience through research projects/internships, laboratory training, fieldwork, practical assignments et cetera, which are integrated into courses and research projects.

5. Labour market orientation
Gaining insight into the labour market, fields of work, jobs and career paths through, for example, guest speakers and alumni experiences from the work field, career events within the study programme, the use of the alumni mentor network, interviewing people from the work field, and shadowing/visiting companies in the context of a particular subject.

Activities to prepare for the labour market co-curricular or outside the curriculum

Every year, various activities take place, within, alongside and outside of your study programme, which contribute to your preparation for the labour market, especially where it concerns orientation towards the work field/the labour market, (career) skills and self-reflection. These may be information meetings on decision moments within your programme, but also career workshops and events organised by your own programme, the faculty Career Service or your study association.

  • Science Skills Platform with a Personal and Professional development domain

  • (Study) career meetings

  • Guest lectures

  • Alumni lectures

  • Company visits and company dinners

  • Lunch & Learn lectures by companies

  • IBL, Naturalis and CML symposia & lecture series.

  • Introductory meeting with the study advisor

  • Introductory meeting Science Career Service

  • (International) Leiden Leadership Programme

  • Mentorship and tutoring

  • Workshops en Career Colleges (Science Career Service)

  • Science Career Event/ Betabanenmarkt

  • Other career events such as BCF Career Event, Bio Science Park excursion

  • Events organized by the Study Association ‘Leidse Biologen Club’, such as a Meet & Greet with PhD candidates

  • Regular information sessions with the study advisor

  • Research Project Market

  • Research skills as part of the master research project

Career Service, LU Career Zone and career workshops calendar

Faculty Career Service
The Career Service of your faculty offers information and advice on study (re)orientation and master's choice, (study) career planning, orientation on the labour market and job applications.

Leiden University Career Zone Leiden University Career Zone is the website for students and alumni of Leiden University to support their (study) career. You can find advice, information, (career) tests and tools in the area of (study) career planning, career possibilities with your study, job market orientation, job applications, the Alumni Mentor network, job portal, workshops and events and career services.

Workshops and events
On the course calendar you will find an overview of career and application workshops, organised by the Career services.